PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.